IL-2 후방 총좌형

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Although the initial design used a 2-seat configuration, by the time of production the IL-2 was a single-seat aircraft both to save weight and as an expectation that it's heavy armament and advanced construction would eliminate the need for a gunner. This was quickly found to be it's biggest liability as the relatively slow speed and poor maneuverability made the IL-2 extremely vulnerable to enemy fighters like the BF-109 then in German service. Several field modifications were attempted to add a rear gunner position. The general pattern was to cut a hole in the upper rear fuselage just behind the cockpit, attach a simple mount for a machine gun, and sling a square of canvas across the inner fuselage to give the gunner a primitive seat to sit on. As this was seen as a temporary modification and was needed very quickly most did not include a seat belt or harness for the gunner, leading to several reports of gunners falling out while the pilot performed evasive maneuvers. The gunner position was also extremely exposed, being behind the "armored bathtub" section that included the pilot, fuel tank, and engine. Despite all these disadvantages the appearance of a rear gunner so quickly on an aircraft that previously was seen as an easy target did come as a nasty surprise to the Germans, although in a relatively short time they were able to adjust their tactics to the new modification. The modified aircraft remained in service until they became phased out by newer IL-2 aircraft with a permanent rear gunner position, although it is interesting to note that the new gunner position was still placed behind the armored bathtub section. Even with windows and seat belts the gunner position must have felt very exposed.
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