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S-189 (1954)

S-189 (1954)

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S-189

Карточка_C-189.jpeg
Submarine | СССР
S-189
Service
СССР
СССР
Historical data
04.09.1954 Launched
09.03.1955 Delivered
Withdrawn from
боевого состава
common data
1080 / 1350 etc. Displacement
(surface / underwater)
76 / 6.6 / 4.55 m. Dimensions
(length/width/draft)
170 / 200 m. Immersion depth
(working/limit)
30 days Autonomy (max)
Crew
52 чел. Общая численность
Armament
Ships of the same type

216 units


[[Category:]]

Тип613.jpg
S-189 - Soviet diesel torpedo submarine project 613. September 4, 1954 launched. On April 19, 1990, she was excluded from the USSR Navy. Laid up in Kronstadt. On August 2, 2007, she was transferred and moored to the floating berth on the Lieutenant Schmidt Embankment opposite the Marine Corps of Peter the Great for permanent mooring. Since 2012, the S-189 submarine has been used as a museum to visit.

General information

After the end of World War II USSR was set a large-scale goal - to ensure the security of the sea border of USSR Navy with modern warships that are able to withstand the most powerful countries , representing a military-political threat to the USSR, as well as surpassing them - this is like USA and its allies. In many design bureaus of the Soviet Union, work began on the development of the latest submarines, which have no analogues in the world. One of the many design bureaus was ЦКБ-18, where a completely new type of submarines was developed, called Project 613 submarines, under which PL S-189 was created.

History of creation

The first post-war diesel-electric submarine was the most massive project 613 submarine in the USSR Navy. The project was a development of the project 608 submarine of medium displacement, developed in 1942-1944. The S-189 submarine of project 613 was laid down on March 31, 1954 at the Baltic Shipyard. Ordzhonikidze in Leningrad.

Predecessors

Before World War II, the USSR built Pike_type submarines, which no longer met the modern realities of effective submarine warfare against ships and submarines of a potential enemy of the USSR.

Prerequisites for creation

World War II showed that the Soviet Union needed to approach the creation of new submarines more carefully, taking into account the experience of Soviet and foreign submarine construction of the fleet. In 1942, Soviet designers began work on a project for a new medium submarine, which was supposed to replace the aging Pike-class submarines. The submarine project received the number 608, but it did not come to its implementation in metal.

Design

At the end of 1944, the Soviet Navy received materials on the German submarine U-250, which was sunk in the Gulf of Finland and then raised from the bottom. This submarine had tactical and technical elements close to the Project 608 submarine. In January 1946, after studying the captured U-250 submarine. The Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy of the Main Directorate of Shipbuilding approved the tactical and technical assignment for the design of the project 613 submarine. It was proposed to change the tactical and technical characteristics of the project 608 in the direction of increasing the speed and cruising range while increasing the standard displacement to 800 tons. The design was entrusted to TsKB-18 (now TsKB MT Rubin). For the construction of the project 613 submarine, which included the S-189 submarine, the chief designer was appointed V.N. Peregudov, then Ya.E. Evgrafov, and since 1950 Z.A. Deribin. In August 1946, a tactical and technical assignment was issued for the Project 613 submarine, and on August 15, 1948, the technical design was approved by the Government of the USSR. When developing theoretical drawings, special attention was paid to ensuring high running performance in a submerged position. As a result, the maximum submerged speed increased to 13 knots, instead of 12.

Construction and testing

The S-189 submarine of project 613 was laid down on March 31, 1954 at the Baltic Shipyard. Ordzhonikidze in Leningrad. The construction of Project 613 submarines was carried out from 1950 to 1957. A total of 216 submarines were built. Submarine S-189 of project 613 was launched on September 4, 1954.

Design Description

Longitudinal section of the submarine project 613
Main article: Design of the submarine S-189 project 613

Frame

Project 613 submarine is an all-welded durable hull with internal placement frames is divided by watertight bulkheads into 7 compartments:

File:Case diagram 1.jpg
Case diagram
  1. Torpedo. Shelter section.
  2. Rechargeable and residential.
  3. Central post. Shelter section.
  4. The second group of batteries, living quarters for foremen.
  5. Diesel.
  6. Electromotive.
  7. Torpedo. Shelter compartment.

For the first time in this project, frames specially designed for submarine shipbuilding were used, made from an asymmetric stripe bulb. The shape of its cross section provided the necessary ratio between the area and the moment of inertia, and the wall thickness was well combined with the thickness of the hull skin.

Power plant and driving performance

The main power plant of the submarine included 37D two-stroke diesel engines. There was a device RDP with mine and a float valve. Shaft line mechanisms were mounted on soundproof shock absorbers. The economic propulsion electric motor transmitted rotation to propeller shafts through elastic and silent textrope gears with a gear ratio of 1:3 and economic propulsion friction clutches. Between the diesel engines and HED there were tire-pneumatic disconnecting couplings and the same couplings between the HEM and thrust shafts, which were connected to the propeller shafts by rigid flanges. SHPRM were used due to the obvious advantage over BAMAG-type clutches installed on submarines of pre-war projects - they made it possible to soundproof diesel engines and the shaft line, to install the shaft line on slipway, and not after launching, as they allowed much larger breaks and displacement of the mating axes of individual parts of the shafting.

To ensure the operation of surface diesels at periscope depth, the S-189 submarine had an RDP device, which was a retractable shaft for supplying fresh air into the hull of the boat, which ensured the operation of the main engines. The air channel of this device was equipped with a float valve to prevent water from entering when its upper part was flooded or deepened, and exhaust gases were removed through a stationary shaft located in the aft part of the fence felling. For historical reference, it should be noted that the prototype of the RDP at the beginning of the 20th century was designed by the Russian submarine officer Gudim and installed on one of the Russian submarines. A few decades later, already as a proven model, a similar device became widely known under the name "snorkel".

Auxiliary equipment

The S-189 submarine had periscopes, RDP, vertical and horizontal rudders, and torpedo tube covers were hydraulically driven. For the first time in the Soviet Navy, boats of project 613 used a silent trim system (only with air), gas vents were installed with exhaust into the water directed to the stern (using the suction effect of the outboard water flow), for latrines sewage cylinders were installed.

Crew and Habitability

On the S-189 submarine of project 613, the crew number was 52 people.

Armament

The S-189 submarine of project 613 belonged to torpedo-artillery submarines.

Mine and torpedo armament

Torpedo armament included four bow 533mm TA and two aft 533mm TA. Number of spares torpedoes to the bow torpedoes was increased to 6 pieces, which was their total number of spare torpedoes.

Auxiliary/AA Artillery

Initially, the PL-189 of project 613 housed artillery weapons from one twin 57-mm SM-24-SIF machine gun and one twin 25-mm machine gun 2M-8. Later, all artillery weapons were removed from the submarine.

Communications, detection, auxiliary equipment

On the S-189 submarine of project 613, the main means of detection in a submerged position GAS "Tamir-5L" and GAS noise direction finding "Phoenix".

Modernizations and refurbishments

Submarine C-189 project 613 has not undergone significant modernization. From the beginning, there was the installation of new types of weapons and electronic equipment being adopted, as well as the introduction of design changes related to the improvement of construction technology. For example, initially the project provided for the use of steam-gas torpedoes of the type 53-38, 53-38U and 53-39 , as well as electric torpedoes ET-80, that is, pre-war and military samples. Later, as new samples were adopted, the former ones were replaced by more modern models: combined-cycle types 53-51, 53-56, 53-57, 53-61, as well as homing electric torpedoes of the SAET-50 and SET-56.

Service History

Commanders

Awards

Submarine C-189 received the title of "Excellent Ship". It was recognized more than once as the best ship of the formation.

See Also

Literature and sources of information

Literature

Links

Image gallery

  • Passages between compartments

  • Bulkhead between compartments

  • Rudder controls

  • Dive camera control

  • Periscope

  • Shturmanskaya fence. Here is the laying of the route of the submarine

  • Valve

  • Submarine S-189 In the morning

  • Submarine S-189 In the evening

  • Submarine S-189 is open to the public as a museum

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